durham



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.JOHN F. DURHAM, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OE OND-HALF'TO GEORGE EDENS, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDRANT.

SPECIFICATIONforming part of Letters Patent No. 402,421, dated April 30, 1889.

Application filed July 5, 1888. Serial No. 279,180. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN F. DURHAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the county of lVayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrants, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to new and useful im- 1o provements in hydrants, street-washers, and

ground shut-offs forwater-pipes.

The object of the invention is to so construct such hydrants, &c., that danger from freezing is avoided; and to this end my invenr 5 tion consists in thepeculiar construction, combination, and arrangement of the parts, all as more fully hereinafter described, and shown in the drawings accompanying this specification, in which Figure 1 is a vertical central section through a hydrant embodying my construction. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the lower end of the hydrant. V p

Arepresents the water-main or supply-pipe; B, the shut-off cock; C, the plug of the cock;

D, the valve-rod; E, the handle of the valverod. F is the delivery-pipe, and G is the gooseneck or nozzle of the delivery-pipe, all the parts being of known construction andoperation, except as more fully hereinafter de scribed,

II is a suitable base, preferably of cast-iron, to support the device below the frost-line in the ground. I is a casing inclosing the deliv- 3 5 cry-pipe from a point below the frost-level to the top of the delivery-pipe, in the usual manner, except that this casing is connected at the lower end to form a tight joint with the delivery-pipe in any suitable manner, such as shown in the drawings, where the deliverypipe is connected to a flang d elbow, a, one end of which issecured to the discharge end .of the cock, preferably by means of the right and left union U, while the other end is provided with the screw-threaded flange b, to

which the lower end of the casing I is screwed on, and into which the delivery-pipe is similarly secured. The upper end of this casing is provided with the cap J so as to form an inclosed annular chamber, K,between the delivery-pipe and the casing, and this chamber I preferably fill, either its entire length or the lower portion thereof, with a suitable cement, impervious to water, for the purpose of excluding all moisture, ground water, or the 5 5 drainage from the cock from within the easing. The casing may be provided on the outside with the usual frost-casing L and an ornamental cap, M. The valve-rod I also inclose in a casing or pipe, N, which is also connected with a tight joint to the upper end of the casing of the body of the cock in any suitable manner, such as shown in the drawings,

,where c is a coupling secured to the upper end of the cock by a screw-thread engagement, and into the upper end of which coupling the pipe N is secured; Several suitable bearings, O, are secured to the hydrant to hold the tube N in position. The upper end of this tube N is then closed bya suitable cap,

P, which guides the upper end of the valverod.

In practice it will be seen that by this manner of constructing a hydrant the deliverypipe'is absolutely protected against all contact above the frost-line with ground water, moist earth, or the water from the drainagetube of the cock, and therefore all possibility of freezing is avoided, which in the present constructions is not sufficiently guarded against, and thereby is produced the frequent bursting or freezing up of the ground-connections of all kinds of service-pipes.

The filling in with the impervious material of the annular chamber K acts in a twofold manner: first, to exclude all dampness or moisture, and, second, to inclose the deliverypipe' with a non-conducting material which affords better protection for the delivery-pipe from frost. The protection of thevalve-rod 0 is for the purpose of preventing its becoming inoperative by freezing fast.

The value of my invention for use in cold climates will be readily recognized by those familiar with the great damage done to hydrants and other ground-connections during severe winters by frequent freezing. At the same time my invention is designed to obviate all necessity of repairs, as the whole construction may be carried out in cast-iron and Ice with very little additional expense over the ordinary constructions.

It is preferable to fill the whole of the chamber K with the non-conducting material, as thereby all condensation or leakage is prevented from becoming a source of danger above the ground or exposed portion of the delivery-pipe.

I attach importance to my construction whereby I have an unobstructed discharge to the nozzle with the discharge end of the cock below the union of the delivery-pipe with the elbow.

\Vhat I claim as my invention is 1. The combination, with the elbow a, having a flange, b, of the delivery-pipe E, setinto the orifice of the elbow a and extending with an unobstructed discharge to the nozzle, the casing I, screwed water-tight to the outside of the flange, the non-conducting impervious material set between them, and the connection with the shut-oft cock below the union of the elbow and delivery-pipe, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with the elbow u, having a flange, I), and both ends of its passage screw-threaded, the deliver y-pipe screwed into one end thereof, the casing I, screwed watertight to the same, the impervious non-conducting filling between the two, the shutoff cock B, the union U, connecting the shut-0ft cock to the elbow, the coupling 0, secured water-tight to the shut-0E cook, the casing N, screwed water-tight into the coupling 0, and the valve-rod D, passing through the casing N and operating the shut-off cock, substantially as described and shown.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 1st day of June, 1888.

JOHN F. DURHAM. 

